The Rise of the Coast: Trade, State and Culture in Early Đại Viêt.

The article examines the political, economic and cultural aspects in relation to the extent and impact of trade between Song, China and other parts of Asia. The sudden forceful flow in Song foreign trade impacted Ðai Viêt greatly, helping to incorporate the upper and lower valley of the Red River economically, politically, and culturally. Major change across the land was due to the embarkation of coastal wealth, power and classical Chinese scholarship in the inland capital of Hanoi.