Formalized Parent Participation in Education. A comparative perspective (France, German Federal Republic, England and Wales).

The article compares the degrees and levels of formalized parent participation in education in France, Wales, England and West Germany. Key issues discussed include the emergence of formal parental involvement in the control and management of schools as a key trend in education in Western Europe, the administrative structures designed to encourage parental participation that are indicative of changes in social relations, the key role of parent associations in school management and the issues' implications for comparative education.