The Observation and Recording of Behavior.

The article deals with the selected theoretical and empirical work in the areas of observational techniques and the collecting and recording of observational data. Most of the educational research utilizing observational techniques has used mechanical aids in observation, which have been limited to audiotape and videotape recording. The observational techniques includes: (1) participant observer (2) nonparticipant observer. The factors needed in the collection of observational data includes: (a) structured and unstructured observations (b) classification of category items (c) expressive and instrumental aspects of behavior (d) levels of observational categories (e) descriptive vs. evaluative categories (f) exclusiveness and inclusiveness (g) discrete and continuous categories.