SYSTEMS APPROACHES IN GUIDANCE.

This article examines the systems approaches in guidance. A systems approach is a method for analyzing and realizing the values, goals or policies of a human enterprise. The method makes explicit the structure or organization of an orderly whole, clearly showing the inter-relationships of the parts to each other and to the whole itself. At least three steps are involved in developing a systems approach. First is translating the broad aims of the enterprise into objectives which are explicit and operational. Next is designing the procedures which are intended to accomplish the objectives by identifying the relevant variables which the procedures are intended to order or change. It includes the construction of a model which suggests a priori and consequent relationships among the identified variables. Last is implementing the model and evaluating the results of the innovation in terms of the operationally stated objectives.