Exploring potential of graphene oxide as an alternative antiviral approach for influenza A H1N1.

Aim: Graphene oxide (GO), known for its distinctive physicochemical properties, shows promise as a nanomaterial capable of combating infectious agents. This study investigates the efficacy of GO nanoparticles in restricting influenza A H1N1 replication in MDCK cells. Methods: GO nanoparticles were synthesized. After evaluating the toxicity of GO nanoparticles, the antiviral activity of the highest nontoxic concentration of GO against influenza A H1N1 in MDCK cells was studied. Results: GO treatments resulted in substantial decreases in virus titers, as shown via hemagglutination assay, TCID50 assay and real-time PCR analysis. Conclusion: This study emphasizes that GO nanoparticles have a high level of effectiveness against influenza A H1N1 viruses, making them an intriguing option for various antiviral uses. Article highlights FTIR, FESEM and XRD investigations validated the structural properties of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, including functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxylic acid and epoxy and a highly structured graphitic structure. GO nanoparticles have minimal cytotoxicity and sustain over 50% cell viability at all tested doses, making them ideal for antiviral applications. GO nanoparticles effectively inhibited influenza A H1N1 virus titers at all phases (virucidal, pre-treatment, co-infection and post-infection) to zero, as determined by TCID50 and hemagglutination tests. GO nanoparticles outperformed Oseltamivir, a frequently used antiviral medicine, in terms of antiviral efficacy throughout all treatment phases. GO nanoparticles may grab virus particles and interfere with cell receptors, inhibiting viral entrance and multiplication. Further study is required to validate these processes. The study found that GO nanoparticles had broad antiviral activities, notably against encapsulated viruses such as influenza A H1N1, consistent with earlier studies on other viruses. GO nanoparticles have potential as preventative and therapeutic agents, such as disinfectants, protective equipment and vaccinations. Further research is needed to investigate these possibilities thoroughly. Study limitations include a restricted budget for size distribution and zeta potential tests and the mechanism of GO's antiviral effect against influenza A H1N1 is still unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]