Performance optimization of solid state dye sensitised solar cells (ssDSSCs) using two different electron transport layers (ETLs), using SCAPS-1D simulation software.

In this work, a comparative analysis was carried out by using titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and tungsten disulfide (WS₂) as an electron transport layer (ETL). This numerical analysis was conducted using SCAPS-1D software, which stands for solar cell capacitance simulator-1 Dimensional. The two device structures were: FTO/TiO₂/N719/ MoO₃ and FTO/WS₂/N719/MoO₃. For TiO₂ ETL-based devices, the PCE was 11.42%, with J _sc, V _oc, and FF values of 18.50 mA cm⁻², 0.872 V, and 70.75%, respectively. By contrast, WS₂-based devices achieved a PCE of 14.23% with J _sc, V _oc, and FF values of 20.86 mA cm⁻², 0.880 V, and 77.43%, respectively. Based on the above-mentioned data, WS₂ has better PV performance of the solar cell. WS₂ exhibits high electron mobility, chemically stable, tunable bandgap, therefore a promising candidate to replace TiO₂ as an ETL in future designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]