Expanding the horizons of surgical research: let us move towards P4 surgery.

The article discusses the evolution of surgical research towards P4 medicine, emphasizing the importance of integrating personalized and predictive approaches. It highlights the need for inclusive and diverse surgical research practices, focusing on patient outcomes and the effectiveness of treatments. The authors suggest that surgical research should move beyond traditional randomized trials and embrace large-scale data collection to inform individualized treatment strategies. The article underscores the significance of understanding disease mechanisms and tailoring treatments to individual patients for improved healthcare outcomes. [Extracted from the article]