Persistent racialized commodification amidst technological innovation: exceptionalist Filipina bride representations from analog to digital.

Available internet research focus on the linear transition from Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 without realizing their interplay across platforms and interactions with analog and real-world. Such interactions are examined in the foreign bride trade industry's shifting and stable discursive representations of Filipino women as the industry moved from analog print catalogues to static, unidirectional Web 1.0, multidirectional Web 2.0 and decentralized Web 3.0. Technological changes have transformed digital platforms and information delivery and continued marketable representations of Filipina brides' racialized exceptionalisms. Shifting from analog to digital platforms has simultaneously disrupted and preserved gendered-racialized hierarchical representations of Filipina brides as simultaneously paradoxical, problematic, and provocative variations in purveying Philippine postcolonial exceptionalism. Critical discourse analyses of sample catalogues and Web 1.0–2.0 websites reveal three persistent exceptionalism variants in Filipina bride representations—extraordinary, comparative, and pragmatic—reproducing racialized-sexualized desires and hierarchies, which endured across technological platforms, simultaneously reproducing and disrupting persistent representations of foreign brides from the Global South, particularly Filipinas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]