How should vocational teachers develop their competence? A systematic review.

The world's economic growth and industrial transformation require a significant number of high-quality technical personnel urgently. Consequently, vocational education is rapidly evolving worldwide dedicated to cultivating high competent graduates. The effectiveness of vocational education is heavily reliant on the proficiency of its instructors. Therefore, enhancing the competence of vocational teachers has become the core issue at present. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the components of effective competence development for vocational teachers. Specifically, it aims to identify the key competence that vocational teachers should develop. Based on the analysis of journal articles published in the past ten years, we find that vocational teachers should continue to study professional knowledge, expand interdisciplinary knowledge, improve teaching ability, adopt an international perspective, enhance their industry-education integration, innovation, and research abilities. We also found that social factors, school factors, and personal factors will have an impact on the development of vocational teachers' competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]