Paternalistic Industrialization: Biopower, Physical Culture, and Sports in Industrial Planning Discourse (1770–1930).

In the nineteenth century, industrial planning discourse conveyed the challenge of paternalistic industrialists to provide a biopolitical agenda that was aimed at controlling and disciplining the daily lives of the workers. Paternalistic industrialists used sports-related spaces as a tool to enable their biopolitical goals. Accordingly, they made certain efforts to insert sports-related spaces into the industrial landscape. In this paper, physical culture and sports as biopolitical initiatives of paternalism are explored in industrial planning discourse. Exploring history through the perspective of sports reveals that industrial planning provided a spatialized approach to regulating working-class life socially and culturally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]