Swirling electrolyte. Part 2. Secondary circulation and its stability.

The article in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics delves into the stability of different steady flows in an electrolyte layer driven by the Lorentz force in an annular channel. It identifies a new flow state, type 3, which sustains free-surface vortices and undergoes transitions as the Reynolds number increases. The study highlights the role of the type 3 flow in the development of free-surface vortices and contributes to understanding electromagnetically driven flows in fluid dynamics. Other researchers have also explored fluid behavior in rotating systems and spherical Couette flows, offering valuable insights into vortices and shear layers in diverse fluid environments. [Extracted from the article]