Non-invasive sampling methods for genotyping: improvements towards the 4r principle.

The article discusses non-invasive sampling methods for genotyping in research involving genetically modified mice, aligning with the 4R principle of animal welfare. The study focuses on using oral swabs and hair samples as alternatives to invasive biopsies, showcasing benefits such as decreased risk of cross-contamination, large-scale automated workflow, and faster turnaround times. The research demonstrates the efficacy of non-invasive methods for genotyping, providing a more humane and efficient approach in line with European regulations and animal welfare guidelines. [Extracted from the article]