Microbiological and Immunological Assessment of Peri-implant Sites in Healthy and Diabetic Individuals After Prosthetic Rehabilitation: A Prospective Case Control Study.

Aim: Microbial colonization contributes to periodontitis and peri-implantitis with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines like IL 17. This has a vital role in the destructive process of tissue and bone around the implant. Type 2 diabetes mellitus has the potential to increase these microbial colonies thus becoming a risk factor. To compare and correlate the association of peri-implant sulcular microflora and salivary IL-17 between healthy and controlled diabetic individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 participants who have undergone dental implant placement with screw-retained prosthesis were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups, healthy (n = 15) and diabetic (n = 15). The subgingival plaque was collected from peri-implant sites into TE buffer vials and the salivary sample was collected into Eppendorf tubes at the 7th, 14th, and 30th day. Microbiological counts of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T.forsythia, and F. nucleatum were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction, and salivary interleukin (IL)-17 levels were obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The bacterial count was increased in both healthy and diabetic individuals but more prevalent in diabetes. The salivary IL-17 levels were increased in diabetic individuals which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Increased microbiota in both healthy and diabetic individuals along with increased IL-17 levels can lead to peri-implantitis which provides an insight into microbiological and immunological aspects in individuals with dental implants further acting as a predictor for peri-implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]