Update on the pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common syndrome associated with smoking and environmental exposures coupled with genetic susceptibility. Recent major advancements in the treatment of COPD patients have become available. Areas covered: New data on the role of classic bronchodilators, including short-acting and long-acting beta2-agonists and anti-muscarinic antagonists, in the treatment of COPD patients are discussed. Data promoting a more targeted approach to inhaled and systemic corticosteroid use in COPD are reviewed. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, including the recently approved PDE 3/4 inhibitor inhaled ensifentrine, are noted. Selective use of antibiotics can play a role in complex COPD patients. COPD patients with evidence of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome and type-two lymphocytic inflammatory-mediated airway constriction appear to respond to biologics, particularly the anti-IL-4/IL-3 antagonist monoclonal antibody, dupilumab. Expert opinion: New therapeutic options have made the approach and treatment of the COPD patient much more complicated. These options tend to be very expensive. Attention to identifying the endotype and phenotype will help direct the pharmacotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]