Evans syndrome: Disease awareness and clinical management in a nation‐wide ITP‐NET survey.

Evans syndrome (ES) is rare and mostly treated on a "case‐by‐case" basis and no guidelines are available. With the aim of assessing disease awareness and current management of adult ES, a structured survey was administered to 64 clinicians from 50 Italian participating centers. Clinicians had to be involved in the management of autoimmune cytopenias and were enrolled into the ITP‐NET initiative. The survey included domains on epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy of ES and was designed to capture current practice and suggested work‐up and management. Thirty clinicians who had followed a median of 5 patients (1–45)/15 years responded. The combination of AIHA plus ITP was more common than the ITP/AIHA with neutropenia (p <.001) and 25% of patients had an associated condition, including lymphoproliferative syndromes, autoimmune diseases, or primary immunodeficiencies. The agreement of clinicians for each diagnostic test is depicted (i.e., 100% for blood count and DAT; only 40% for anti‐platelets and anti‐neutrophils; 77% for bone marrow evaluation). Most clinicians reported that ES requires a specific approach compared to isolated autoimmune cytopenias, due to either a more complex pathogenesis and a higher risk of relapse and thrombotic and infectious complications. The heterogeneity of treatment choices among different physicians suggests the need for broader harmonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]