A Comprehensive Review on Debris Flow Landslide Assessment Using Rapid Mass Movement Simulation (RAMMS).

Debris flows show massive threats to mountainous regions. This review paper critically studies the use of the RAMMS (Rapid Mass Movement Simulation) software in debris flow assessment. RAMMS, a widely employed simulation tool, offers a comprehensive framework for predicting the dynamics and runout behaviour and flow pattern of debris flows. The existing literature, encompassing a diverse range of studies that utilize RAMMS for debris flow assessment. This paper first provides an overview of the fundamental principles and capabilities of RAMMS, highlighting its capabilities in simulating complex interactions within debris flows, such as topographic variations, material properties, and dynamic triggering mechanisms along with the velocity, density and frictional coefficient. Subsequently, a synthesis of empirical case studies from different geographical contexts demonstrates the adaptability and applicability of RAMMS in different terrains. The introductory section provides a foundational understanding of RAMMS, explaining its features and functionalities that make it a potent tool for simulating rapid mass movements. The subsequent literature review part critically studies the works of different authors who have contributed significantly to the discourse surrounding RAMMS and its application to debris flow analysis. This section is investigated into the diverse perspectives and insights presented by researchers, offering a comprehensive overview of the model's capabilities and limitations. As an invaluable resource for geoscientists, engineers, and decision-makers, RAMMS simulation contributes significantly to understand and manage of natural hazards in complex landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]