Bridging the Gap: Challenges and Opportunities of IoT and Wireless Sensor Networks in Marine Environmental Monitoring †.

Marine environmental monitoring is increasingly vital due to climate change and the emerging Blue Economy. Advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been applied to develop marine monitoring systems, with the Internet of Things (IoT) playing a growing role. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are crucial for IoT implementation in the marine realm but face challenges like modeling, energy supply, and limited deployment compared to land-based applications. This paper explores various communication technologies, considering factors like coverage, cost, energy use, and stability. It highlights the potential of wireless technology in marine conservation and activities like port operations, aquaculture, and renewable energy, offering insights from real-world testing in the Region of Murcia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]