A Review on Triclosan: Persistance, Detection, and Remediation in Waste Streams.

Triclosan (TCS), a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, is a highly persistent personal care product (PCP) with a varying concentration range, i.e. ng*L⁻¹ − μg*L⁻¹ in environmental matrices. TCS exhibits lethal effects on the environmental ecosystem and human health due to its antimicrobial resistance, carcinogenic effects, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and endocrine disruptive activities. Since the sudden occurrence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the worldwide production rate of TCS is very high because of the large requirement for disinfection, which may have led to its elevated concentration. Thus, the monitoring and regulation of TCS are of utmost importance from the perspective of its potential damage. The current review article deliberates on its persistence in aqueous and solid systems as well as its toxicological impact on algal, vertebrate, and invertebrate systems. The advanced monitoring techniques for detection up to nanogram levels, such as chromatographic techniques, electrochemical, optical, and electrophoresis methods, etc., have been discussed. The negative impacts of TCS on the environment raised a great concern about developing waste water treatment methods because of the inefficacy of conventional methods. The review also focuses on the removal and remediation techniques so as to develop better research directions for phasing out TCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]