3D seismic forward modeling from the multiphysical inversion at the Ketzin CO2 storage site.

From June 2008 to August 2013, approximately 67 kt of CO₂ was injected into a deep saline formation at the Ketzin pilot CO₂ storage site. During injection, 3D seismic surveys have been performed to monitor the migration of sequestered CO₂. Seismic monitoring results are limited by the acquisition and signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired data. The multiphysical reservoir simulation provides information regarding the CO₂ fluid behavior, and the approximated model should be calibrated with the monitoring results. In this work, property models are delivered from the multiphysical model during 3D repeated seismic surveys. The simulated seismic data based on the models are compared with the real data, and the results validate the effectiveness of the multiphysical inversion method. Time-lapse analysis shows the trend of CO2 migration during and after injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]