NON-ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES OF THE AORTA.

Non-atherosclerotic diseases of the aorta are part of the broad spectrum of arterial diseases: aortic aneurysms, acute aortic syndromes (AAS) including aortic dissection (AD), intramural hematoma (IMH), penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU) and traumatic aortic injury (TAI), pseudoaneurysm, aortic rupture, atherosclerotic and inflammatory diseases, as well as genetic diseases (e.g. Marfan syndrome) and congenital anomalies, including coarctation of the aorta (CoA, coarctation of the aorta, CoA). They are diagnosed after a long period of subclinical development or may have an acute clinical picture. They are divided into two large groups, atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic diseases of the aorta. Overall global mortality from aortic aneurysm, dissection, and rupture increased from 2.49 per 100,000 to 2.78 per 100,000 population between 1990 and 2010, with higher rates in men. Acute aortic syndrome is often the first manifestation of the disease, which needs rapid diagnosis and decision-making to influence the extremely poor prognosis. Special attention is given to genetic and congenital aortic diseases, since preventive measures play an important role in avoiding subsequent complications. A calcified aorta presents a serious problem with a surgical or interventional approach. Calcified coral reef aorta should be considered as an important differential diagnosis. Aortitis and aortic tumors are also considered. The most frequently applied diagnostic methods are echography with color and PW Doppler, CT angiography, MRI angiography. Patients with aortic disease usually require lifelong surveillance, regardless of the initial therapeutic strategy (pharmacologic, interventional, or surgical). This monitoring consists of clinical assessment, review of the patient's medication and therapeutic goals, and imaging of the aorta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]