Herbage mass responses to sod suppression with glyphosate in pastures interseeded with sorghum × sudangrass.

Interseeding annual warm‐season forages into perennial cool‐season grasses may increase herbage mass and quality. Yet, methods to do so successfully remain elusive. From 2020 to 2022, we conducted an experiment that evaluated herbage mass responses to sod suppression after interseeding sorghum × sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ×S. bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet & Harlan] in three N‐fertilized and three mixed‐legume smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pastures. Sod suppression treatments included glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine] applications of 0, 0.55, 1.10, 1.65, and 2.20 kg ha−1 on pastures that were heavily grazed in two rotational stocking periods in spring and an additional 0 kg ha−1 glyphosate control where herbage was stockpiled throughout spring, mowed, and removed before interseeding sorghum × sudangrass. In herbage samples collected 8 weeks after treatment, perennial grass mass showed exponential decay responses as glyphosate rate increased, while sorghum × sudangrass, weedy grass, and total herbage mass showed logistic growth responses. Sorghum × sudangrass reached a high of 2316 kg ha−1 as glyphosate rate increased to 1.65 kg ha−1 while weedy grass mass continued to increase as glyphosate rate increased to 2.20 kg ha−1. Reduced perennial grass mass in herbage samples collected the next spring indicated the presence of a tradeoff between increasing summer herbage now and reducing next spring herbage later with glyphosate application after interseeding sorghum × sudangrass. We concluded practitioners should not use glyphosate for sod suppression before interseeding warm‐season annual forages into perennial cool‐season grass pastures. Core Ideas: Interseeding pastures with annual warm‐season forages may increase forage accumulation and nutritive value.The best practice has been to interseed after stockpiling, mowing, and removing existing herbage in spring.The use of glyphosate coupled with heavy grazing in spring for sod suppression has not been evaluated.Sorghum × sudangrass, weedy grass, and total herbage mass showed logistic growth with an increasing glyphosate rate.Reduced perennial grass mass the next spring indicated pastures did not recover from glyphosate application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]