Ag-Decorated Titania Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Applications.

In this work, titania nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were combined in situ to obtain a single TiO₂–Ag nanoplatform with synergistic antibacterial effects and perspectives in biological applications. To improve colloidal stability in the aqueous environment, the bifunctional (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (3MPS) were used as stabilizing agents for covalent binding to TiO₂NP (formation of Ti–O–Si chemical bonds) and AgNP surfaces (through the Ag–S bond), respectively. Synthesis conditions were optimized by tuning the Ag content decorating the TiO₂NPs, and the colloidal stability, size, morphology, and chemical composition were studied in both solution and solid-state by UV–visible, Fourier-transform infrared, ¹H NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, and ζ-potential. The antibacterial activities of these nanohybrids were investigated on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the results showed an enhanced antibacterial effect arising from the combination of TiO₂NPs and AgNPs in the nanohybrid with the lower Ag content (more than 60% in the case of S. aureus exposed to TiO₂–Ag), compared to the pristine TiO₂NPs and control groups. Electron paramagnetic resonance with spin trapping detected the presence of hydroxyl radicals both in the nanohybrids and in the pristine TiO₂NPs, supporting the hypothesis that the antibacterial effect is related to the presence of reactive oxygen species. The results of this research contribute to the synthesis of new potent antimicrobial nanohybrids for applications in more complex biological media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]