Application of Transgenic Technology in Identification for Gene Function on Grasses.

Perennial grasses have developed intricate mechanisms to adapt to diverse environments, enabling their resistance to various biotic and abiotic stressors. These mechanisms arise from strong natural selection that contributes to enhancing the adaptation of forage plants to various stress conditions. Methods such as antisense RNA technology, CRISPR/Cas9 screening, virus-induced gene silencing, and transgenic technology, are commonly utilized for investigating the stress response functionalities of grass genes in both warm-season and cool-season varieties. This review focuses on the functional identification of stress-resistance genes and regulatory elements in grasses. It synthesizes recent studies on mining functional genes, regulatory genes, and protein kinase-like signaling factors involved in stress responses in grasses. Additionally, the review outlines future research directions, providing theoretical support and references for further exploration of (i) molecular mechanisms underlying grass stress responses, (ii) cultivation and domestication of herbage, (iii) development of high-yield varieties resistant to stress, and (iv) mechanisms and breeding strategies for stress resistance in grasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]