An approach to intercultural training deemphasizing cross-cultural differences.

Purpose: This paper aims to present an approach to intercultural training (IT) in which course participants are informed about various approaches to differences between peoples. Pitfalls in communication are identified that are due to overgeneralization of incidental observations of behavior and to psychological mechanisms such as stereotyping, ethnocentrism and attribution. Effects of poor command of a second language and paralinguistic factors are also included. Design/methodology/approach: Intercultural communication training or IT programs often over-generalize incidental observations and make attributions about broad differences between "us" and "others". An approach to IT is described that challenges the way in which notions about "culture" and "cultures" tend to be used. Findings: A training module based on the principles mentioned is described that was originally developed for military officers preparing for international peace-keeping and peace-building missions and later has been administered in various settings and countries. Research limitations/implications: An exit questionnaire and postmission interviews have suggested positive effects of the training, but more systematic evaluation research is needed. Practical implications: Cross-cultural communication (3C) training is mostly about how other people differ from "us". Better understanding may be gained with an approach that emphasizes how much humans everywhere are alike and that perceived differences can also be in the eye of the beholder. Social implications: Mutual understanding is critical to positive interaction. The approach to 3C training taken here explains how much humans everywhere are alike and puts manifest differences into perspective. Originality/value: The training module builds on available knowledge, notably from cross-cultural psychology. Except for a questionnaire to demonstrate ethnocentrism, there is hardly new information. However, the approach arranges available knowledge in a way that is rather novel for the field of 3C training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]