Metabolomics-based biomarkers of probiotic efficacy in toxicological settings.

Background: Metabolomics is the study of metabolites in cells, tissues, live organisms, and biological fluids to elucidate their composition and possible roles. Metabolomics and its biomarkers have emerged as a powerful tool for evaluating the efficacy of probiotics in various pathological conditions, including toxicological settings. This review explores the use of metabolomics-based markers to assess the safety and efficacy of probiotics in toxicological settings. Result: This review aims to determine biomarkers for measuring the effectiveness of probiotic therapies in toxicological contexts based on exposure, effects, susceptibility, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. In this study, 1979 articles were systematically searched in PubMed (PM), Scopus (Sc), Google Scholar (GS), and Web of Science (WOS) between the years 2013 and 2023 inclusive using keywords, inclusion, and exclusion criteria. The result showed that 1439 human samples were used from 2013 to 2023 publications with the UK having the highest number of publications, data, and sample types in 2023. Again, the result showed most of the publications are on susceptibility-based biomarkers. Conclusion: Metabolomics-based biomarkers may provide insight into metabolism-related alterations related to probiotic therapies while clarifying their biological mechanisms, especially in toxicology enabling specific probiotic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]