Wisdom must be hurt: PhD students' stress and dilemma from the perspective of self-efficacy.

An number of studies has shown that PhD students are experiencing dissatisfaction and stress. The high global percentage of PhD dropout rates has been regarded by higher education as an urgent issue. This study used the self-efficacy theory as an inquiry tool and in-depth interviews as a method to explore the current situation of Taiwanese PhD students and the stress and difficulties they face. The results of the study found that, although the dilemmas faced by Taiwanese PhD students has something in common with the self-efficacy theory, there are also special experiences in the context of Chinese culture which effect performance and accomplishment. Lack of affirmation prevents the PhD students from receiving positive evaluations and causes them to doubt their abilities. At the same time, PhD students have long suffered from parental mandatory expectation education, believing that they must be excellent and maintain family pride, thus putting them under considerable psychological stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]