Landrace in situ (on-farm) conservation: European Union achievements.

This paper offers an insight on present status of on-farm conservation of landrace diversity in the European Union. The review initially examines the types of materials that are the object of on-farm conservation, assesses the current status of maintenance and reproduction within farms and gardens, explores the motivations that drive ongoing conservation efforts as a foundation for future enhancement and identifies the key actors involved and their respective roles. Secondarily, it reviews European Union policies and their provisions supporting the conservation of crop diversity in the fields, with a particular focus on regulations pertaining to the commercialization of landrace seeds. Given that the availability of propagation material remains a primary constraint to the widespread dissemination of landraces, the review also includes current achievements and identifies constraints that could be mitigated. The discussion highlights how to continue and intensify the development and implementation of agro-environmental and seed policies as well as how further collection, documentation, study and promotion of the traditional farmers' knowledge ̶ associated with the development, production and utilization of the traditional local products ̶ can improve the present situation. It is hoped that the model applied in the European Union could be also useful in other regions of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]