A REVIEW OF ENDANGERED CLUPISOMA GARUA (HAMILTON, 1822) IN INDIAN HABITATS: A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT.

A potamodromous species found in both fresh and brackish water, Clupisoma garua (Hamilton, 1822) is also known as "garuabachcha". It belongs to the order Siluriformes and the family Schilbeidae. The species mostly inhabits Asian countries such as Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal and is predominantly found in expansive freshwater reservoirs. The species are classified as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN, although they are classified as Vulnerable (Vu) according to the CAMP and CAFF studies. The species is an omnivorous carnivore that consumes insects, molluscs, crustaceans and small fish in its natural habitat. This species possesses both utilitarian and aesthetic qualities and individuals of moderate size are also regarded as sport fish in India. The species is reported to have a broad distribution; however, it is at risk in certain areas, such as southern West Bengal, due to excessive fishing and human activity. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on the species 'garuabachcha', including its characteristics, significance and recommended conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]