Coordinated Optimization of Hydrogen-Integrated Energy Hubs with Demand Response-Enabled Energy Sharing.

The energy hub provides a comprehensive solution uniting energy producers, consumers, and storage systems, thereby optimizing energy utilization efficiency. The single integrated energy system's limitations restrict renewable absorption and resource allocation, while uncoordinated demand responses create load peaks, and global warming challenges sustainable multi-energy system operations. Therefore, our work aims to enhance multi-energy flexibility by coordinating various energy hubs within a hydrogen-based integrated system. This study focuses on a cost-effective, ecologically sound, and flexible tertiary hub (producer, prosumer, and consumer) with integrated demand response programs, demonstrating a 17.30% reduction in operation costs and a 13.14% decrease in emissions. Power-to-gas technology enhances coupling efficiency among gas turbines, boilers, heat pumps, and chillers. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model using a GAMS BARON solver will achieve the optimal results of this study. The proposed model's simulation results show reduced energy market costs, total emissions, and daily operation expenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]