Green Competencies in Shipping Industry: Construct Development and Measurement Validation.

The occurrence of accidents, chemical fuels and cargo carried by ships, garbage, and oil spills from ships because of marine transportation activities causes environmental problems whose impact can threaten environmental sustainability. Studies have shown that the role of the human factor is 70-80% in the occurrence of environmental sustainability threats. Some literature on green human resource management has examined that the role of green competencies is the main requirement in improving one's performance in the environmental field. In order to support sustainable shipping management, there needs to be a study on green competencies. However, studies on construct development and validation of green competencies measurements in the shipping industry have not been widely conducted. This study aims to develop a scale of green competencies measuring instruments referring to the view of maintaining the marine environment in the shipping industry. Empirical studies have been conducted based on a quantitative approach, with survey methods conducted on 333 crew (seafarers) who have been employees in the shipping industry. The analysis of green competency measuring instrument development model has been done by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) by SEM PLS 4.0 software. The findings of this study show that green competencies is a multidimensional reflective scale consisting of dimensions of green knowledge, green skills, green attitude, green awareness and green ability that have been tested for validity and reliability. The implication of these findings is to contribute to a literature review on green competencies, especially in the shipping industry. In addition, the results of the analysis on the green competencies construct model can be used as the basis for the preparation of a green competencies model for the benefit of green human resource management in the shipping industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]