Are There an Infinite Number of Passive Circuit Elements in the World?

We found that a second-order ideal memristor [whose state is the charge, i.e., x = q in v = R x , i , t i ] degenerates into a negative nonlinear resistor with an internal power source. After extending analytically and geographically the above local activity (experimentally verified by the two active higher-integral-order memristors extracted from the famous Hodgkin–Huxley circuit) to other higher-order circuit elements, we concluded that all higher-order passive memory circuit elements do not exist in nature and that the periodic table of the two-terminal passive ideal circuit elements can be dramatically reduced to a reduced table comprising only six passive elements: a resistor, inductor, capacitor, memristor, mem-inductor, and mem-capacitor. Such a bounded table answered an open question asked by Chua 40 years ago: Are there an infinite number of passive circuit elements in the world? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]