Progress in research and application of lung organoids.

In the field of biomedicine, two-dimensional (2D) cell lines and animal models have played an important role in the study of cell pathways and drug targets. However, due to species differences between humans and other animals, and the lack of hierarchy, cellular diversity, and cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, 2D cell lines could not fully reflect what cells actually look like in the human body. Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture models derived from autologous tissue stem cells, which make up for the defects of 2D culture and can simulate the structure and function of real human organs to a certain extent, providing new ideas for disease diagnosis and treatment. Among them, lung organoids (LO) are a typical case studying the development process of human lung and the generation principle of lung diseases. Relevant studies have provided help for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, lung injury and other diseases. This paper aims to summarize and analyze the research progress of lung organoids in recent years, and further summarize the application of LO in the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]