Nephrotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, and Blood Viscoelasticity Induced by Nickel Nanoparticles in Albino Rats.

Despite the documented adverse impacts of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment and human health, their application in nanomedicine is expanding. Because nickel compounds are very toxic to the liver and kidney and can cause cancer, it is important to research how they affect human health. The effects of spherical nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs) on kidney and liver functions were demonstrated in the current investigation. Twenty male albino rats were separated into two groups. The first group was used as a control group, which received only 0.9% sodium chloride, while the other group II, the rats, were orally administered Ni-NPs at a concentration of 50 mg/kg body weight by gavage three times a week for 4 consecutive weeks got. The animal's blood, liver, and kidney samples were taken and analyzed for cell structure and function. The nephrotoxic effect of Ni-NPs and its correlation to the oxidative state have been studied using standard diagnostic techniques such as biochemical testing and histopathology. Tissue biochemical analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was recorded in the liver and kidney. The Ni-NP-treated group refers to the impaired kidney functions resulting from deposit of Ni-NPs in the kidney and the oxidative stress of the liver. Ni-NPs induce changes in histopathology and ultrastructure in liver and kidney tissue. The conductivity has much higher values for the treated group compared with the control group; this is an indicator that Ni-NPs are affected in the blood condition in which blood hemolysis occurs, consequently anemic disease. Ni-NPs induce DNA damage through generation of reactive oxidative stress (ROS), nephrotoxic effects, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation, and also induced an increase in blood viscosity, showing platelet clumps, hepatotoxicity, inflammation, fatty changes in liver, and histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]