Development of an Iterative Model for Factors Influencing Online Learning (OL) and Open & Distance Learning (ODL).

This article studies the factors influencing online learning and distance learning. In this study we have established a framework of factors using Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) analysis. We have established nine (09) factors associated with online learning and distance learning from the extant literature in the domain. We further collected data from 20 participants of online learning and distance learning including faculties, students, and administrator. Detailed analysis of factors yields the ISM framework for factors categorizing those into autonomous, dependent, independent, and linkage factors. The results of the study show that ISM model has five (05) different levels where the bottom most level gives the key driving factor F9 (Course Design and Delivery) whereas the topmost level of the ISM model shows the highly dependent factor F1 (Personal and Professional Obligations) Rest of the factors are within these two levels. This study establishes a contextual relationship between factors influencing online learning and distance learning. Our study contributes to the existing literature by providing a foundation to administrators to address the concerns related to various areas. Factors identified indicates the key decision areas and the analysis provided indicate the priorities to be considered for resource allocation towards those areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]