A Bio-Dyeing Process of Art Handwoven Using Biological Materials.

The air and water pollution due to solid and liquid effluents from textile industries has increased the growing interest to replace hazardous chemical materials with natural products. The main objective of the present work is to obtain dyed wool yarns without hazardous agents from an ecological point of view. In this context, Verbascum thapsus was used as a new and low-cost vegetable dye for the wool colouration process by an exhaustion dyeing method. The effects of operational factors including dyeing pH, time, temperature, and dye concentration were investigated on the dyeing quality and the optimum conditions were obtained by response surface methodology. The analysis of the variance of the quadratic model showed that the dye concentration, dyeing time, and temperature were significant model terms and had the highest effects on the dyeing efficiency, respectively. The application of myrobalan as a bio-mordant improved colour performance. Results also revealed that, the dyed samples have good colourfastness against light and repeated washing cycles. In conclusion, the extract of V.thapsus colour might serve as a promising source of biological agents for favoring a cleaner textile dyeing industry. Being environmentally friendly, myrobalan may, thus, be considered a superior replacement for the conventional toxic metallic mordants used in the dyeing process, especially because it improves the natural dyeing efficiency of wool yarns without adverse environmental effects and produces biodegradable byproducts with value-added properties. Accordingly, the produced yarns can be categorized as ecological textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]