Chronic endometritis multiplies the recurrence risk of endometrial polyps after transcervical resection of endometrial polyps: a prospective study.

Background: To investigate the impact of chronic endometritis (CE) on the recurrence of endometrial polyps (EPs) in premenopausal women after transcervical resection of endometrial polyps (TCRP). Methods: This prospective study enrolled 507 women who underwent TCRP between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022. The patients were divided into a CE group (n = 133) and non-CE group (n = 374) based on the expression of CD138 in the endometrium. The EP recurrence rate at 1 year after TCRP was compared between the CE and non-CE groups and between groups with mild CE and severe CE. The impact of CD138 expression by resected EPs on EP recurrence also was investigated. Results: The EP recurrence rate at 1 year post-TCRP was higher in the CE group than in the non-CE group (25.6% vs. 10.4%) and also higher in the severe CE group than in the mild CE group (34.5% vs. 18.7%). Additionally, the EP recurrence rate was higher among patients with CD138-expressing EPs than among those with EPs lacking CD138 expression (30.5% vs. 6.5%). The odds ratio (OR) for EP recurrence in the CE cohort compared with the non-CE cohort was 3.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.84–5.23) after adjustment for EP number and precautions against EP recurrence. The ORs for EP recurrence in patients with mild CE and severe CE were 2.21 (95%CI 1.11–4.40) and 4.32 (95%CI 2.26–8.26), respectively. Similarly, the OR for EP recurrence in cases with CD138-expressing EPs relative to cases with EPs lacking CD138 expression was 6.22 (95%CI 3.59–10.80) after adjustment for EP number and precautions against EP recurrence. Conclusions: CE multiplied the recurrence rate of EPs in premenopausal women after TCRP, and this effect positively correlated with CE severity. CD138 expression by EPs also was associated with a higher risk for EP recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]