Realization of nth Order Wave Active Low-Pass Filter Using Differential Difference Current Conveyor.

A wave active filter (WAF) based on a differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) is presented in this paper. An active filter formation depends entirely on wave quantity processing. The wave method is demonstrated for the basic wave active elements (WAEs) of active filters such as a series inductor and a shunt capacitor. The novelty of the proposed work is that the mathematical operations required to implement the wave active components, such as lossy integration-subtraction; subtraction; summation and inverter, are performed using the DDCC as an analog building block (ABB). Designing WAFs of lower to higher-order is extremely challenging, i.e., great motivation to propose a WFA using a CMOS-based DDCC for lower and higher-order low-pass Butterworth filter topologies. Additionally, the filter performances are verified through noise analysis, percentage total harmonic distortion (%THD) and Monte Carlo analysis. The proposed WFA is theoretically verified for n th order low-pass Butterworth filter designs (n = 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6) using DDCC-based WAEs and validated using SPICE simulations with 0. 1 8 μ m TSMC CMOS technology parameters for DDCC, operating on ± 0. 9 0 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]