Universal Structural Design Criteria for Heavy Industrial Projects.

This paper provides universal structural design criteria for heavy industrial projects. Structural design requirements for pipe racks, steel modules, modularized equipment skids, vertical and horizontal vessel supports, and vibrating equipment foundations are discussed. An overview of loading mechanisms of various systems is provided for operational, testing, and lifting conditions. Design recommendations are provided for permanent and removable structures. Several structural idealization concepts are also proposed to ensure accurate load transfer. The theoretical basis and the merits of various methods used in the practice are also discussed. Industrial design examples are provided including multilevel pipe rack and pump foundations. The paper overviews and pieces together the engineering requirements for critical structures that are encountered in heavy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]