Epistemology of the Human Sciences: Restoring an Evolutionary Approach to Biology, Economics, Psychology and Philosophy.

The article discusses the epistemology of the human sciences, specifically biology, economics, psychology, and philosophy. The author argues that there are fundamental differences between the methodological practices of physics and psychology, which leads to deficiencies in psychological science. The author also explores the concept of measurement and its limitations in the social sciences. Additionally, the article examines the challenges faced by economics in developing deductive theories and the issue of external validity. The author proposes a functional interpretation of humans as an alternative to a mechanical model and emphasizes the importance of evolutionary thinking. The article concludes by discussing the dualism between mind and matter and the role of functional choice in governing human activity. [Extracted from the article]