The impact of mobile learning in English language classrooms in Pakistan.

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, a discernible shift towards mobile learning tools has emerged, supplanting conventional pedagogical methods. Mobile learning (m-learning) constitutes a subset of e-learning, involving the utilization of portable devices for educational purposes. This research undertakes an examination of the impact of m-learning within the context of Pakistani English language classrooms. The study's target population consisted of university students in Pakistan. Five universities in Lahore, Pakistan, were selected using a convenience sampling method. From these universities, a sample of 100 students, enrolled in the first semester of a Bachelor of Science English language learning preparatory year course, were selected based on a simple random sampling technique. Before the experimental phase, the students underwent a pre-test assessment. Subsequently, based on the results, they were evenly divided into a control group and an experimental group. It was ensured that both groups included students of mixed ability levels. The treatment duration spanned 4 months, equivalent to 48 credit hours. The experimental group engaged in learning activities through mobile phones, while the control group adhered to conventional instructional methods. Finally, upon completion of the treatment period, a post-test assessment was administered to the students. Data analysis revealed that the experimental group (Mean: 15.93) exhibited notably superior performance compared to the control group (Mean: 10.12). This outcome highlights the positive influence of m-learning on learners' academic achievements. Furthermore, this enhanced performance reflects learners' favorable reception of mobile phone utilization within the context of English as a second language academic learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]