Different Ways of Promoting Working Time Reduction: A Comparative Analysis of Actors, Motives, Forms, and Approaches in Germany, Ireland, and Spain.

Working time reduction (WTR) is back on the agenda, but there is no systematic knowledge of key actors in the WTR debate, their motives, the forms of WTR advocated, and their approach. Therefore, this article examines the promotion of WTR in Germany, Spain, and Ireland, countries with different industrial relations regimes. The comparative qualitative content analysis shows that WTR's promotion varies: it is an individual worker issue in Germany, a political initiative in Spain, and a social campaign in Ireland. The primary motive is workers' well-being, with additional emphases on economic, environmental, and societal aspects. These findings have implications for WTR's future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]