Communication Channel Investigation Using Cost-Effective Miniature Planar Antenna for Enhanced IoT Connectivity in Harbors.

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed containermonitoring systems in harbors, enabling real-time tracking, security, and efficient logistics management. However, achieving reliable IoT connectivity within harbor environments presents challenges such as metal interference and budget constraints. This article introduces a novel approach to enhance IoT connectivity in harbors by optimizing antenna design for path loss and channel modelling. By employing innovative design techniques and cost-effective materials, this antenna offers improved performance while keeping costs low for harbor operators. To address these challenges, a low-cost miniature antenna is developed, specifically tailored for optimizing path loss and channel modelling in IoT connectivity within harbors. The compact size of the antenna allows for versatile deployment across various harbor locations, while its innovative design ensures optimized performance, even in the presence of metal structures. By leveraging cost-effective materials and manufacturing methods, scalability and affordability are guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]