The Capacity of Ion-Exchange Resin.

This article discusses the capacity of ion-exchange resin in the context of water softening. The capacity of the resin is defined as the ability to remove a certain element (hardness) from a feed stream to a given break point using a specific flow rate and temperature. The total capacity of the resin is a quality control measure determined through chemical analysis, while the operating capacity is the actual capacity utilized in practice. The article also explains the factors that affect the efficiency of the softening process, such as selectivity and equilibrium. It concludes by discussing the relationship between softener performance and regeneration level, as well as the limitations of achieving 100% efficiency in hardness removal. [Extracted from the article]