Adsorption of Zinc(II) Ion by Spent and Raw Agaricus bisporus in Aqueous Solution.

A significant environmental concern globally is the pollution of water bodies as a result of heavy metals. To date, various attempts have been made to effectively remove heavy metals, such as those that use synthetic and biogenic materials to abate and control water pollution. The biological removal of pollutants from water is an efficient and environmentally friendly technique. In this study, we evaluated the biosorption characteristics of Zn²⁺ ions from aqueous solution by spent composed of raw Agaricus biosporium (RAB) and A. biosporium (SCAB). We added different biosorption doses, metal ions, and initial concentrations of pollutants to explore the adsorption of Zn²⁺ by RAB and SCAB. We applied pseudo-first- and second-order models to investigate the biosorption kinetics. According to our results, the rate of Zn²⁺ removal from the aqueous solution using raw biomass was significantly lower than that using sodium citrate-treated biomass of SCAB. When the Zn²⁺ concentration increased from 10 mg L⁻¹ to 200 mg L⁻¹, the rate of removal of RAB decreased from 73.9% to 38.4%, and that of Zn²⁺ by SCAB decreased from 99.9% to 75.9%. As we increased the biosorbent dose, the rate of Zn²⁺ removal by SCAB increased. Interestingly, Zn² biosorption was inhibited by heavy co ions (Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺) and light metals (e.g., Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺). When treating wastewater polluted with Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cu²⁺, SCAB showed good potential. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for an environmentally sound approach to controlling water pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]