Introduction.

This article provides a historical overview of Finland's geopolitical shifts and ethnic diversity, which have shaped the various communities within modern Finland. It highlights the division of territory between Sweden and Russia in 1809, resulting in Swedish-speaking communities finding themselves in a state with a Finnish-speaking majority. The article also discusses the strategic importance of the Baltic and the impact of events such as the destruction of the Russian fortress at Bomarsund on Åland during the Crimean War. It further explores Finland's independence from Russia in 1917, the autonomy granted to Åland, and its demilitarized status. The article concludes by mentioning Finland's membership in the European Union and the recent shift in defense ties with Western allies, which may impact the identity of Swedish-speaking communities within Finland and Åland. [Extracted from the article]