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Neutralizing antibody and CD8+ T cell responses following BA.4/5 bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccination in adults with and without prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

Authors :
Underwood, Alexander P.
Sølund, Christina
Jacobsen, Kivin
Binderup, Alekxander
Fernandez-Antunez, Carlota
Mikkelsen, Lotte S.
Inekci, Dilek
Villadsen, Signe Lysemose
Castruita, Jose A. S.
Pinholt, Mette
Fahnøe, Ulrik
Ramirez, Santseharay
Brix, Liselotte
Weis, Nina
Bukh, Jens
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology; 2024, p1-14, 14p
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

As severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continue to emerge, it is important to characterize immune responses against variants which can inform on protection efficacies following booster vaccination. In this study, neutralizing breadth and antigen-specific CD8<superscript>+</superscript> T cell responses were analyzed in both infection-naïve and infection-experienced individuals following administration of a booster bivalent Wuhan-Hu-1+BA.4/5 Comirnaty® mRNA vaccine. Significantly higher neutralizing titers were found after this vaccination compared to the pre-third booster vaccination time point. Further, neutralizing breadth to omicron variants, including BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BQ.1 and XBB.1, was found to be boosted following bivalent vaccination. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8<superscript>+</superscript> T cells were identified, but with no evidence that frequencies were increased following booster vaccinations. Spike protein-specific CD8<superscript>+</superscript> T cells were the only responses detected after vaccination and non-spike-specific CD8<superscript>+</superscript> T cells were only detected after infection. Both spikespecific and non-spike-specificCD8<superscript>+</superscript> T cells were found at much lower frequencies than CD8<superscript>+</superscript> T cells specific to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and influenza (Flu). Taken together, these results show that the bivalent Wuhan-Hu-1 +BA.4/5 Comirnaty® mRNA vaccine boosted the breadth of neutralization to newer SARS-CoV-2 variants and that vaccination is able to induce spike protein-specific CD8<superscript>+</superscript> T cell responses, which are maintained longitudinally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Database :
Complementary Index
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
176572733
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353353