Optimal Energy Storage Configuration of Prosumers with Uncertain Photovoltaic in the Presence of Customized Pricing-Based Demand Response.

Setting an acceptable pricing strategy to attract prosumers to participate in demand response and orderly configure energy storage is a critical topic for virtual power plants (VPPs) in improving sustainable development. Based on this, this paper proposes a two-layer iterative optimization to develop a customized pricing-based demand response for energy storage with uncertain photovoltaic (PV) for prosumers. In the upper layer, the VPP formulates a customized price consisting of a two-part electricity price, on-grid electricity price and auxiliary service price according to the load characteristics of prosumers, so as to make the power supply and demand of prosumers more controllable. In the lower layer, prosumers adjust their energy storage configurations and energy consumption behavior according to the price signal, considering the uncertainty of PV. The research shows that the proposed optimization approach can encourages prosumers to configure energy storage, and explore user-side flexibility resources. The full utilization of energy storage has increased the PV output of the prosumers by 10%, and its benefits have also increased by 7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]