Corporate Philanthropy in Shaping the Financial Efficiency of Cooperative Banks in Poland - Empirical Research.

The aim of the study is to establish and analyze the relationship between expenditure on corporate philanthropy and financial performance of cooperative banks in Poland. The study covered 70 cooperative banks, where the level of expenditure on social activities was above the average in the sector. The research was carried out using the Generalized Method of Moments for the years 2013-2020. Studies have shown positive importance of corporate philanthropy in shaping financial efficiency. The research also indicated a significant shift in the time between spending on social activities and the financial results obtained. The obtained results indicate an area that has not been thoroughly analyzed: the impact of spending on social activities in the context of shaping the financial efficiency considering time shifts. This knowledge may result in more intentional creation of the efficiency policy by management, considering corporate philanthropy, Corporate Social Responsibility, or the introduction of appropriate regulatory changes for the assessment of financial institutions by responsible entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]