Quantitative determination and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanoparticle-doped glass ionomer cement: an in vitro study.

Purpose The aim of the present study is to determine the amount of titanium ions released into the artificial salivary medium by modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) doped with 3% and 5% (w/w) titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs), and to evaluate their antibacterial properties. Materials and Methods 120 cylindrical discs with a diameter of 4 mm and a height of 6 mm were made with 3% and 5% w/w modified GIC containing TiO₂ NPs, divided into two groups of 60, and immersed in a chemically synthesized salivary medium. The samples were quantified over four-time periods: 24 hours, two months, four months, and six months, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), antibacterial properties were evaluated by means of colony forming count (CFU) method. Results The amount of titanium ions released from the discs that received 3%(w/w) TiO₂ was highest in the first two months, with no significant release at successive intervals. Also, the second group, which included 5% (w/w) TiO₂, saw a considerable ion release at every interval, with the second month seeing the maximum release. The levels in the 5% (w/w) group were consistently higher when the two concentrations were compared at each of the four time points, indicating a considerable increase in titanium release and antibacterial property with a concentration increase from 3% to 5%. Conclusion 3% and 5% (w/w) concentrations may be considered safe and exhibit significant antimicrobial effect, titanium ions were discharged at higher rates in 5% (w/w) modified GIC containing TiO2-NPs than in 3% (w/w) modified GIC containing TiO2-NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]