Overview of torrefaction technology for promotion palm oil solid waste to energy biochar.

The development of fossil energy consumption to catalyze the production of biofuels as renewable energy, especially heat and electricity generation, will raise a level of concern for the environment and health. Biomass waste that is produced into biofuel is very promising as a renewable energy raw material. The utilization of biofuels from biomass has the advantage of increasing the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One very promising way of generating electricity is by using co-firing biomass pellets, especially for renewable energy generation. There are several routes in thermochemical conversion, but torrefaction is one technology that can produce pyrolysis at low temperatures. In addition, co-firing biofuels can produce efficiently at temperatures of 200-300^oC with low conversion losses. However, the conventional heating used today, especially in batch operations, adversely affects the torrefaction of palm oil. In addition, the biomass processing rate and throughput are very low and the heat transfer rate is very poor. The integrated microwave technology can provide a good and promising solution, especially in increasing the capacity for upscaling torrefaction technology. The production quantity offered is also higher with optimal volumetric heat transfer. Critically the discussion in this paper is to discuss the latest developments in palm oil waste torrefaction technology for the production of biochar energy with low water content and better durability and resilience. The microwave radiation used is intended for heating so that the catalytic reaction of torrefaction on energy activity is lower. Based on the continuous microwave system that is included in the reactor, it has enormous potential, especially during the torrefaction streamlining process. Thus, the energy produced is more friendly to the environment and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]